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Opel Vectra BSince 1995 of releaseRepair and car operation |
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Opel of Vektra + 1.1. Controls and control devices + 2. Maintenance service + 3. Engines + 4. Heating, ventilation - 5. Fuel system + 5.1. Fuel system of petrol engines - 5.2. Fuel systems of the diesel engine 5.2.1. Introduction 5.2.2. Technical characteristics 5.2.3. The air filter and air inlet channels 5.2.4. An accelerator pedal 5.2.5. Filling and prorolling of fuel system 5.2.6. The gauge of level of fuel 5.2.7. A fuel tank 5.2.8. Check and adjustment of the maximum turns 5.2.9. Start of the cold engine + 5.2.10. Electric knots of system of injection 5.2.11. The fuel pump of a high pressure 5.2.12. Check of the moment of injection of fuel 5.2.13. Adjustment of the moment of injection of fuel 5.2.14. Fuel atomizers 5.2.15. Турбонагнетатель 5.2.16. The heat exchanger 5.2.17. An inlet collector 5.2.18. A final collector + 6. Systems of start, ignition + 7. Transmission + 8. Brake system + 9. A running gear + 10. A body + 11. An electric equipment + 12. The basic malfunctions |
5.2. Fuel systems of the diesel engine
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THE GENERAL DATA |
The fuel system consists of the car of a fuel tank established under a back part, the fuel filter with a separator of water, the fuel pump of a high pressure, fuel atomizers and pipelines. Before receipt in the filter fuel heats up an electric heater which is attached to the filter case.
Giving of fuel from the fuel filter to the fuel pump of a high pressure is provided pumping up лопастным with the pump located in the fuel pump of a high pressure. Surplus of fuel greases the fuel pump of a high pressure and comes back in a fuel tank.
The drive of the fuel pump is carried out by a gear belt. Speed of rotation of the fuel pump twice is less than speed of rotation of a cranked shaft.
The quantity of fuel copes a centrifugal regulator which reacts to position of a pedal of management by giving of fuel and frequency of rotation of a cranked shaft. The regulator is connected with the valve of measurement which increases or reduces quantity of the fuel delivered for one course of the pump.
The moment of injection of fuel changes automatically, depending on engine turns, the mechanism which turns a plate of a cam or a ring.
Fuel atomizers spray fuel in the vortical chambers located in a head of the block of cylinders. Fuel atomizers should open and be closed at strictly certain pressure. The needle of a fuel atomizer is greased with fuel which collects about a spring and goes on a returnable hose to the fuel pump.
For start of the cold engine candles накаливания which heat up vortical chambers are used. The thermostatic capsule on the fuel pump increases turns of idling of the cold engine.
The electromagnetic valve of a stop of the engine blocks fuel giving to a rotor of the fuel pump at ignition deenergizing.
Турбонагнетатель it is established to increase capacity of the engine. Thus it lifts pressure of air in an inlet collector above the atmospheric.
Service of the fuel pump and atomizers are very difficult. Therefore it is necessary for making at servicing deport. For long and trouble-free work of the fuel pump and atomizers it is necessary to exclude hit in fuel system of a dirt and water.
Engines of 2,0 l
Giving of fuel from the fuel filter to the fuel pump of a high pressure is provided pumping up лопастным with the pump located in the fuel pump of a high pressure. Surplus of fuel greases the fuel pump of a high pressure and comes back in a fuel tank.
The drive of the fuel pump is carried out by a gear belt. Speed of rotation of the fuel pump twice is less than speed of rotation of a cranked shaft.
The fuel pump copes with the help of electronic system. The system consists of the electronic control device (ECU), the block of management of the fuel pump and following gauges:
– The gauge of management of a pedal of an accelerator informs ECU position of a pedal of management by fuel giving;
– The gauge of temperature of a cooling liquid informs ECU engine temperature;
– The gauge of temperature of arriving air informs ECU temperature of air passing through the inlet channel;
– The gauge of temperature of oil informs ECU engine temperature;
– The measuring instrument of a stream of air informs ECU quantity of air; passing through the inlet channel;
– The gauge of a cranked shaft informs relative position of a cranked shaft and frequency of its rotation;
– The pressure gauge informs relative pressure in a final collector;
– System ABS informs ECU relative speed of the car;
– The switch of the compressor of a central air of air informs ECU on central air inclusion.
On the basis of the information received from gauges, ECU defines the moment of injection of fuel at all temperatures and power setting.
ECU also operates system of repeated burning of the fulfilled gases and system of prestarting heating of the engine.
Fuel atomizers spray fuel in the vortical chambers located in a head of the block of cylinders. Fuel atomizers should open and be closed at strictly certain pressure. The needle of a fuel atomizer is greased with fuel which collects about a spring and goes on a returnable hose to the fuel pump.
In an inlet collector the throttle valve for improvement of an overall performance of the engine on low turns is established. In each cylinder air moves on two channels in an inlet collector, in one of which the valve operated block ECU through the electromagnetic valve and a vacuum diaphragm is established. At turns 1 500 rpm valves there are less are closed, and air arrives in cylinders only on one channel. On higher turns of the engine block ECU opens the valve therefore air arrives in each cylinder through both channels of an inlet collector.
Full check of system of injection can be executed at use of special electronic diagnostic equipment which joins in a diagnostic socket of fuel system. The diagnostic socket is located behind the central console in front of the lever of a manual brake.
Safety measures
Турбонагнетатель works at extremely high speeds and temperatures. Do not use турбонагнетатель at removed any part or a hose. The extraneous particles getting on rotating blades can damage турбонагнетатель.
Do not increase engine turns at once after start, especially on the cold engine. It is necessary to wait at least some seconds for maintenance of normal circulation of oil.
Give the chance to the engine to work in a mode of idling within several minutes before deenergizing after engine work on high turns.
For engine greasing use only oil of the recommended quality.